[4457,2]
Horace's annosa volumina vatum may have been
old poems of this sort: though perhaps they are also to be understood of
prophetical books, like those of the Marcii; which, contemptuously as
they are glanced at, were extremely poetical. Of this we may judge even
from the passages preserved by Livy (ΧΧV. 12.): Horace can no more determine our
opinion of them than of Plautus.) who moulded them into hexameters, and found matter in
them for three books of his poem; Ennius, who seriously believed himself to be the first poet
of Rome, because he shut his eyes against the old
native poetry, despised it, and tried successfully to suppress it. Of
that poetry and of its destruction I shall speak elsewhere: here only
{one} further remark is needful. Ancient as
the original materials of the epic lays unquestionably were, the form in
which they were handed down, and a great part of their contents, seem to
have been comparatively recent. If the pontifical annals adulterated
history in favour of the patricians, the whole of this poetry is
pervaded by a plebeian spirit, by hatred toward the oppressors, and by
visible traces that at the time when it was sung there were already
great and powerful plebeian houses. The assignments of land by Numa, Tullus, Ancus, and Servius,
are
4458 in this spirit: all the favorite Κings
befriend freedom: the patricians appear in a horrible and detestable
light, as accomplices in the murder of Servius: next to the holy Numa the plebeian Servius is the most excellent Κing: Gaia Cecilia, the Roman wife of
the elder Tarquinius, is a
plebeian, a Κinswoman of the Metelli: the founder of the republic and
Mucius Scævola are
plebeians: among the other party the only noble characters are the Valerii and Horatii; houses friendly to the commons.
Hence I should be inclined not to date these poems, in the form under
which we know their contents, before the restoration of the city after
the Gallic disaster at the earliest. This is also indicated by the
consulting the Pythian oracle. The story of the symbolical instruction
sent by the last Κing to his son to get rid of the principal men of
Gabii, is a Greek tale in Herodotus: so likewise we find the stratagem of Zopyrus repeated
*
(dal
figlio di Tarquinio a Gabii):
(anche la storia di Muz. Scev. è
greca, cosa non notata dall'autore neppure a suo luogo, e da me osservata
altrove p. 4153
p.
4330; e greche sono quelle tante raccolte da Plutarco nel libro da me cit. altrove in tal
proposito p. 4213) we must therefore
suppose some knowledge of Greek legends, though not necessarily of Herodotus himself.
*
(5-8. Feb. 1829.).